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  DWDM Optical Add/Drop M ultiplexer ( OADM ) is a passive optical device used in WDM networks for adding and dropping one/multiple 100 GHz DWDM channels in the C-band into one or two fibers, while letting the rest of the wavelengths bypass to the needed destination. DWDM OADM modules are available in single-side (East or West) and dual-side (East and West) configurations. With matching MUX/DEMUX units placed at each end of an optical link, multiple data channels can be combined and transmitted over a single-mode fiber trunk. The passive OADM modules can add or drop 2, 4, 8 data channels at any point along the trunk.

  DWDM is a transmission technology in optical fiber communication. It uses one optical fiber to transmit multiple optical carrier signals of different wavelengths at the same time, and divides the wavelength range used by the optical fiber into several channels. The channel transmits optical signals. Therefore, DWDM has greatly improved the transmission capacity of the optical communication system. The appearance of Erbium-doped fiber amplifier ( EDFA ) makes DWDM optical signal transmission farther.   1. Introduction to the principle of EDFA Erbium (Er) is a rare earth element. When making an optical fiber, a certain proportion of erbium element is added to form an erbium-doped optical fiber, which has the effect of amplification. Erbium ions have three working energy levels: E1, E2 and E3. Among them, E1 has the lowest energy level and is called the ground state; E2 is the metastable state; E3 has the highest energy level and becomes the excited state. In the case of not being excit

  WDM : Wavelength division multiplexing is a technology that simultaneously transmits two or more optical  signals of different wavelengths in the same optical fiber. CWDM  : Coarse wavelength division multiplexing, generally covering wavelengths of 1270~1610nm , DFB lasers will be used , the channel spacing is relatively wide, usually 20nm , the main application, a total of 18 waves, relatively low cost, mainly used in Aggregation layer and access layer. So it can be used for our fronthaul, CWDM6 application. DWDM : dense wavelength division multiplexing, the wavelength interval will be relatively small, 0.2nm~1.2nm . The main working wavelengths are 1525nm~1565nm in C -band and 1570nm~1610nm in L- band . It focuses on long-distance transmission and is applied to the transmission network. Therefore, the low-loss C -band is selected, and EML lasers are usually used. To ensure the wavelength, they are all equipped with TEC , so the cost of the device will be relatively high.

  Since the first quartz filament was pulled out in 1930, we have truly entered the era of optical fiber. So far, we already have various types of optical fibers, such as multi-mode optical fiber G.651, single-mode optical fiber G.652, G.653, G.654, G.655 and so on. These fibers form the basis of our entire optical communications.   So how is light transmitted in an optical fiber?   Say we want to shine a flashlight beam down a long, straight hallway at the other end, just point the beam straight down the hallway, the light travels in a straight line, and we know it's fine. What if the corridor has a bend? At this time, a mirror can be placed at the corner to reflect the beam at the corner. What if the hallway is very winding, with multiple bends? It is also possible to line the walls with mirrors and angle the beam of light so that it bounces from side to side along the hallway. This is exactly what happens when light travels through an optical fiber, but the light is totally refl

DWDM , that is, dense wavelength division multiplexing. "Dense" means that the wavelength channels are very narrow and very close to each other. Taking 100 GHZ dense WDM as an example, the spacing between adjacent channels is only 100 GHZ (or 0.8NM). That is, adjacent channels could be 1530.33NM, 1531.12NM, and 1531.90NM. The working principle of DWDM is to combine and simultaneously transmit multiple signals of different wavelengths on the same optical fiber. In other words, one optical fiber becomes multiple virtual optical fibers. Therefore, if you multiplex 8 OC-48 signals into a fiber, you will increase the transmission capacity of the fiber from 2.5 GB/S to 20 GB/S. Currently, through DWDM technology, the data transmission rate can reach 400GB/S.   DWDM is designed for long-distance transmission, and the wavelengths are closely combined during the transmission process to avoid the occurrence of dispersion and attenuation. And with the Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA)

With the explosion of digital traffic and the ever-growing array of bandwidth-hungry applications, Optical Transport Network (OTN) evolves from point-to-point DWDM remedies to scalable and robust optical networking applications that cater to a wide variety of client signals with equally-varied service requirements. Carriers are also placing a particular emphasis on OTN in the Metro area, where it is shifted rapidly from SONET/SDH to wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM). With the goal of boosting bandwidth and increasing network functionality, OTN provides a way to support different traffic types in a more cost-effective manner than by using SONET/SDH networks. What Is OTN Network？ Defined by the ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T), OTN is a digital wrapper technology that provides an efficient and globally accepted way to multiplex different services onto optical light paths. The OTN technology or digital wrapper technology provides a network-wide framework that add

  The coherent optical communication system modulates the signal to the optical carrier by modulating the amplitude, phase and frequency of the signal in the way of external light modulation (such as DP-QPSK) at the sending end. Compared with the traditional direct detection system, coherent detection can obtain more signal information through the beat frequency of signal light and local vibration. After the signal arrives at the receiving end, by means of high-speed digital signal processing (DSP) technology, through front-end processing such as equalization, it enters the optical mixer and the optical signal generated by the local oscillator for coherent mixing, so as to realize signal reconstruction and distortion compensation. Coherent optics is available for both 100G and 400G applications , primarily because it enables service providers to send more data over existing optical fibers, reducing the cost and complexity of network upgrades for bandwidth expansion. Main advantages 1 C

The 40GBase-LR4 optical module is adopted QSFP+ package form with wavelengths of 1271, 1291, 1311 and 1331nm, duplex LC connector. The maximum transmission distance can reach 10km when used with OS2 singlemode patch cord. Compatibility of HTF 40GBase-LR4 optical module The 40G QSFP+ LR4 optical module provided by HTF  can be widely compatible with Huawei, Ruijie, H3C, Cisco, Juniper, ZTE and other brands of switches. The optical modules provided are subject to strict quality control and compatibility test before leaving the factory, so as to ensure that users receive high cost-effective optical modules. Application of 40GBase-LR4 optical module 40GBase-LR4 optical module is widely used in 40G data center and metro optical transmission network. The 40GBase-LR4 optical module can simplify the network architecture and reduce the number of accessories, so as to save the room area, reduce the equipment stack and improve the bandwidth management and scheduling ability of single node equipmen

Optical modules are one of the essential components for data transmission in fibre optic networks. 10G optical modules are widely used in schools, companies and other applications due to their low cost and power consumption. xfp optical modules and SFP+ optical modules are two common types of 10G optical modules, what is the difference between them? Can they communicate with each other? XFP optical module and SFP+ optical module basic introduction XFP is defined by the XFP Multi-Source Agreement (MSA). XFP optical module is a 10G optical module that supports hot-swappable and protocol-independent communication, and can transmit data at 850nm/1310nm/1550nm wavelengths, mainly used in 10G Ethernet, 10Gbit/s Fibre Channel, digital transmission of OC-192, synchronous optical network STM-64, 10Gbit/s Optical Transport Network (OTN) OUT-2 and parallel fibre links. SFP+ is an upgraded version of SFP, defined by the SFP+ Multi-Source Agreement (MSA), the SFP+ optical module is a small, hot-sw