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  WDM technology has many advantages and is developing rapidly. Main features include: 1) The bandwidth resources of the optical fiber can be used to increase the transmission capacity of an optical fiber several times to several tens of times compared with single-wavelength transmission; 2) multi-wavelength multiplexing in single-mode optical fiber transmission can save a lot of optical fiber during large-capacity long-distance transmission; 3) The installed cable has a small number of cores, and the wavelength division multiplexing can be used to expand the capacity without major changes to the original system; 4) since the wavelengths of the signals transmitted in the same fiber are independent of each other, signals with completely different characteristics can be transmitted. 5) T he wavelength division multiplexing channel is transparent to the data format, that is, it has nothing to do with the signal rate and electrical modulation mode. 6) A WDM system can carry multiple fo...

For 5G commercial use, bearer first. With the accelerated deployment of 5G networks, as one of the basic carriers of the entire 5G industry, the demand for 5G fronthaul networks is becoming stronger and stronger. In the 5G era, the radio access network is mainly based on the C-RAN architecture, and the DU is deployed in a centralized manner, and multiple AAUs are connected through the fronthaul network. The main characteristics of the services to be provided by the 5G network include large bandwidth, low latency, and massive connections, which put forward new requirements for the bearer network in terms of bandwidth, capacity, latency, and networking flexibility. The traditional C-RAN 5G bearer network is mainly an optical fiber direct drive solution, which has problems such as large consumption of optical fiber resources, high cost, and inconvenient management and control; HTF is committed to building high-quality 5G fronthaul networks, 5G midhaul networks, and 5G backhaul Network, HT...

Optical fibre amplifier (OFA) is a new type of all-optical amplifier used in fibre-optic communication lines to amplify signals. According to its position and role in the fiber optic line, it is generally divided into three kinds of relay amplification, pre-amplifier , line amplifier and boost amplifier. Compared with the traditional semiconductor laser amplifier (SOA), OFA does not need to go through the complex process of photoelectric conversion, electro-optical conversion and signal regeneration, and can directly amplify the signal all-optical, with good “transparency”, especially for long-distance optical communication relay amplification. It can be said that OFA has laid a technical foundation for the realisation of all-optical communication. Optical fibre amplifier technology involves doping the fibre core of an optical fibre with rare-earth elements that produce laser light, and amplifying the passing optical signal by means of a direct current optical excitation provided by a ...

OTN transmission technology is a technology that realizes functions such as service signal transmission, multiplexing, and routing in the optical domain. This technology complies with the general model of transmission network specified in ITU-T6.805. From the perspective of OTN network composition level, it can be divided into optical channel layer, circuit layer, optical transmission section layer and optical multiplexing section layer. The OTN network mainly includes key technologies such as optical buffering technology, wavelength conversion technology and optical timing regeneration technology. The OTN network can be regarded as a transition network of the all-optical network, which greatly improves the data transmission capacity of the existing network.   The network survival mechanism of the optical layer and electrical layer of OTN transmission technology is relatively complete, which can ensure the reliable transmission of signals, and has the ability of error correction a...

Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is a technology in which two or more optical carrier signals of different wavelengths (carrying various information) are converged together at the transmitting end by a multiplexer and coupled into the same optical fiber of an optical line for transmission. CWDM: wavelength spacing of 20 nm, with relatively wide wavelength spacing. DWDM: wavelength interval is between 0.2 and 1.2nm.   Wavelength division multiplexer commonly used in two kinds: filter-type mux demux, chip-type AAWG (flat top, Gaussian) Do you know the principle of filtered mux demux ? Please see the following diagram At the Mux end, the light of various wavelengths is passed through the filter individually, then reflected and coupled into a single fiber for transmission. At the demux end, all wavelengths of light pass through the filter together, filtering out one wavelength of light, reflecting all other wavelengths to the next filter, then filtering out the next wavelength of...